Geopolitics and climate change are two main issues that are interrelated in the context of current global challenges. Climate change refers to long-term changes in global temperatures and weather patterns, driven by human activities, such as greenhouse gas emissions. Geopolitics, on the other hand, covers how geographical factors influence international politics and relations between countries. The impact of climate change can be seen in an increase in natural disasters, such as floods, droughts and storms that are becoming more frequent. Vulnerable countries, especially those on coastlines such as Bangladesh and the Pacific Islands, face direct threats to their security. Sea level rise could result in land loss, force mass migration, and create “climate refugees,” in turn exacerbating political tensions in the region. Climate change also affects the distribution of natural resources, such as water and food. Uncertainty in clean water supplies and food security in vulnerable areas can create conflict. For example, the Nile River which stretches across several African countries is a source of tension between Ethiopia and Egypt regarding the development of hydroelectric dams. Furthermore, energy geopolitics plays an important role in climate change. Fossil energy producing countries, such as Russia and Saudi Arabia, have an interest in maintaining their dominance in the global market. Meanwhile, countries committed to a clean energy transition, such as Europe and several countries in Asia, tend to be trapped in a race to achieve net zero targets. Signs of both cooperation and conflict are visible in international efforts to confront these two issues. The 2015 Paris Agreement was a first step towards reducing global emissions, but political tensions have often hampered implementation of the promises. Large countries such as the US and China, which are the largest emitters, are also embroiled in geopolitical debates, which often undermine global cohesion and collaboration. Geopolitics and climate change are increasingly becoming a concern in international forums. The UN Climate Change Conference (COP) is an important platform for countries to discuss and formulate joint steps. However, differences in national interests have led to slow progress, leaving some countries behind in adaptation and mitigation. Long-term solutions to overcome these challenges require a multi-dimensional approach. Strengthening international cooperation is essential to ensure that all countries, especially vulnerable ones, receive adequate support. Investments in green technology and sustainable infrastructure can open up new economic opportunities and drive the transition to clean energy. Education and public awareness also play a crucial role. Society needs to understand the impacts of climate change and support environmentally friendly policies. By encouraging innovation and community engagement, we can build resilience to climate change and ensure more stable geopolitical sustainability in the future.
